نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
دانشگاه تبریز
چکیده
تأثیرات محیطی از عوامل حیاتی برای رشد و نمو مطلوب کودکان می‌باشد. لذا به دلیل اهمیت فراهم‌سازهای محیطی در زمینة رشد کودکان، هدف پژوهش حاضر، ارتباط بین فراهم‌سازی در محیط خانه با رشد حرکتی و اجتماعی کودکان 7 تا 10 سال مدارس مناطق 1 و 3 شهر تبریز براساس نظریه بوم‌شناختی بود. تعداد 81 کودک به صورت تصادفی خوشه‌ای انتخاب شدند. برای سنجش امتیاز فراهم‌سازها در محیط خانه، رشد حرکتی و رشد اجتماعی کودکان، به ترتیب از پرسشنامة فراهم‌سازهای رشد حرکتی درشت AGMDQ-1 (1985)، آزمون تبحر حرکتی برونینکس-اوزرتسکی (1978) و مقیاس رشد اجتماعی وایلند (1953) استفاده شد. نتایج به دست آمده از رگرسیون خطی چندگانه نشان داد که بین فراهم‌سازی در محیط خانه و متغیرهای رشد حرکتی شامل: مهارت‌های حرکتی درشت (27/3= (76و4)F و 01/0=P)، مهارت‌های حرکتی ظریف (81/4= (76و4)F و 002/0=P) و هماهنگی اندام فوقانی (45/3= (76و4)F و 01/0=P) و رشد اجتماعی (34/3= (76و4)F و 01/0=P) کودکان رابطة معناداری وجود دارد و عامل‌های فراهم‌ساز محیطی توانستند این متغیرها را پیش‌بینی کنند. بنابراین می‌توان با تقویت فراهم‌سازهای محیطی، رشد کودکان را در این متغیرها تسهیل و تقویت کرد. برهمین اساس پیشنهاد می‌شود در دوران حساس کودکی، والدین، مربیان و مراکز آموزشی به اهمیت فضای بازی کودکان و فراهم‌سازی محیط آنان بیش از پیش توجه کنند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The relationship between the affordance of home environment with motor and social development among Children 7-10 Years old: A Function of Ecological Theory
نویسندگان [English]
- sima Fatahi
- Hojjat zamani sani
چکیده [English]
Environmental influences are critical factors for optimal growth and development of children. Therefore, due to the importance of environmental affordance in the field of children’s development, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the affordance of home environment with motor and social development of children 7-10 years old in schools 1 and 4 of Tabriz according of ecological theory. 81 children were selected used cluster randomly sampling. To measure the affordance in the home environment, motor development and social development was used Affordance Gross Motor Development Question AGMDQ-1 (1985), Bruininks-oseretsky Test (1978) and Wieland Social Maturity Scale (1953), respectively. The results of linear regression showed that there is a significant relationship between affordance in the home environment and variables of motor development include: gross motor skills (F(4,76)=3.27, P=.01), fine motor skills (F(4,76)=4.81, P=.002) and coordination of the upper limb (F(4,76)=3.45, P=.01) and social development (F(4,76)=3.34, P=.01) of children and affordance environmental factors had the ability to predict these variables. Therefore it is possible to facilitate and strengthen children's development in these variables by support environmental affordance. Therefore, it is suggested that in the critical period of childhood, parents, educators and educational centers pay more attention to the importance of children's play space and affordance their environment.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- affordances
- fine motor skills
- gross motor skills
- coordination of the upper limb
- social development
- Gallahue DL, Ozmun JC. Understanding motor development: infants, children, adolescents, adults. Hmaiatalab R, Fooladian J, Farsi A, Movahedi AR. (Persian translators). 6th Tehran: Elmoharekat; 2006. (In Persian).
- Gary Gory Payne, V; Isaacs, Larry D. Human motor development. Khalaji H, Ashtari M, Kashani V, Haydarian S, Mokaberian M. (Persian translators). 1st Tehran: Aeezh; 2012. pp. 15-58. (In Persian).
- Araújoa D, Brymerb E, Britoa H, Withagenc R, Davidsd K. The empowering variability of affordances of nature: why do exercisers feel better after performing the same exercise in natural environments than in indoor environments? Psychology of Sport & Exercise. 2019. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.020.
- Fajen BR, Riley MA, Turvey, MT. Information, affordances, and the control of action in sport. International Journal of Sport Psychology. 2009;40(1):79.
- Haywood K, Gachel N. Motor development throughout life. Aslankhani MA, Shams A, Namazizadeh M, Shamsi Purdehkordi P, Shojaei M. (Persian translators). 1st Tehran: Elmoharekat; 2013. (In Persian).
- Fathi Rezaie Z, Abbaspour K, Zamani Sani H. The Effect of play in natural outdoor and indoor space on the social and perceptual development of preschool children. Mot Behav. 2020;12(40):103-20. (In Persian).
- Kavousipor S, Rassafiani M, Ebadi A, Solimani F, Hosseini A, Gabbard C. Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the persian version of the affordance in the home environment for motor development. Iran J Child Neurol. 2019;13(1):25-35.
- Gibson EJ. Exploratory behavior in the development of perceiving, acting, and the acquiring of knowledge. Ann Rev Psychol. 1988; 39:1-42.
- Adolph KE, Kretch KS. Gibson’s theory of perceptual learning. International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015; 10:127-34.
- Chemero A. An outline of a theory of affordances. Ecol Psychol. 2003; 15:181-95.
- Gabbard C, Caçola P, Rodrigues LP. A new inventory for assessing affordances in the home environment for motor development (AHEMD-SR). Early Childhood Education Journal. 2008; 36:5–9.
- Ammar D, Acevedo GA, Cordova A. Affordances in the home environment for motor development: a cross-cultural study between American and Lebanese children. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Child Development Research. 2013:152094.
- Zoghi A, Gabbard C, Shojaei M, Shahshahani S. The impact of home motor affordances on motor, cognitive and social development of young children. Iran J Child Neurol. 2019;13(2):61-69
- Son S, Morrison FJ. The nature and impact of changes in home learning environment on development of language and academic skills in preschool children. Developmental Psychology. 2010;46(5):1103–18.
- Rodger S, Ziviani J. Occupational therapy with children. 1st Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2006.
- Krauss MW. Family assessment within early intervention program. In: Shonkoff JP, Meisels SJ, editors. Hand book of early childhood intervention. 2nd Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2003. pp. 290-308.
- Valadi S, Gabbard C, Arabameri E, Kashi A, Ghasemi A. Psychometric properties of the affordances in the home environment for Motor Development Inventory for use with Iranian children aged 18–42 months. Infant Behav Dev. 2018; 50:1-11.
- Mori SH, Nakamoto H, Mizuochi H, Ikudome S, Gabbard C. Influence of affordances in the home environment on motor development of young children in Japan. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Child Development Research. 2013;898406,
- Zoghi A, Shojaei M, Ghasemi A. The Impact of a motor affordance intervention on motor and cognitive development of young children. Int J Ment Health Addiction. 2016. doi: 10.1007/s11469-015-9616-4.
- Homaynnia Firoozjah M, Sheikh M, Hemayattlab R, Shahrbanian Sh. The effect of provision (educational environment and physical activity) on the improvement of motor moments in children with mental disorders. Armaghane Danesh. 2018;23(3):334-349. (In Persian).
- Kavousipor S, Rassafiani M, Gabbard C, Pourahmad S, Hosseini SA, Soleimani F, et al. Influence of the home affordances on motor skills in 3- to 18-month-old Iranian children. Early Child Development and Care. 2020. doi: 10.1080/03004430.2020.1727463
- Müller AB, Valentini NC, Bandeira PFR. Affordances in the home environment for motor development: validity and reliability for the use in daycare setting. Infant Behavior and Development. 2017; 47:138–45.
- Baltieri L, Santos DCC, Gibim NC, Souza CT, Batistela ACT, Tolocka RE. Motor performance of infants attending the nurseries of public daycare centers.Rev Paul Pediatr. 2010;28(3):283-9.
- Santos DCC, Tolocka RE, Carvalho J, Heringer LRC, Almeida CM, Miquelote AF. Gross motor performance and its association with neonatal and familial factors and day care exposure among children up to three years old. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia. 2009;13(2):173–9.
- Gabbard C, Caçola P, Spesatto, Santos D. The home environment and infant and young children's motor development. In Columbus AM. editor. Advances in psychology research. Nova Science Publishers; 2012. pp.105-23.
- Temple VA, Naylor P-J, Rhodes RE, Higgins JW. Physical activity of children in family child care. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol. 2009; 34:794-8.
- Wrotniak BH, Epstein LH, Dorn JM, Jones KE, Kondilis VA. The relationship between motor proficiency and physical activity in children. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):e1758-e65.
- Sadeghi F, Safavi Sh, Nezakatol-Hosseini M. Effect of perceptual-motor exercise on social growth in educatable mentally low ability children. Mot Behav. 2017;9(28):37-52. (In Persian).
- Salman Z, Dehghani M, Ali Asghari M, Rostami Pour M. Motor development tests. 1st Tabriz: Tanninedanesh; 2018. pp. 172-82. (In Persian).
- Seifert L, Davids K. Ecological dynamics: a theoretical framework for understanding sport performance, physical education and physical activity. CS-DC’15 World e-Conference. Tempe, United States; 2015.
- Renshaw I, Chow J-Y. A constraint-led approach to sport and physical education pedagogy, Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2018. doi:10.1080/17408989.2018.1552676.
- Withagen R, de Poel HJ, Araújo D, Pepping GJ. Affordances can invite behavior: reconsidering the relationship between affordances and agency. New Ideas in Psychology. 2012;30:250–8.
- Davids K, Button Ch, Bennett, S. Dynamics of skill acquisition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Wang X, Woolley H, Tang Y, Liu HY, Luo Y. Young children's and adults' perceptions of natural play spaces: A case study of Chengdu, southwestern China. Cities. 2018; 72:173-80.
- Zoghi A, Shojaei M, Ghasemi A. The impact of a motor affordance intervention on social development of young children. Journal of sports movement development and learning. 2016;8(1):193-207. (In Persian).
)