نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 دانشیار دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران

چکیده

هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر مشاهدۀ اطلاعات نسبی و مطلق بر یادگیری یک مهارت جدید بود. جامعۀ آماری این پژوهش را دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تشکیل می‌دادند که از بین آن‌ها به‌صورت نمونۀ دردسترس، 14 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه شهید بهشتی که همگی راست‌دست بودند و از‌نظر جسمانی وضعیت سالمی داشتند انتخاب و به دو گروه 7 نفری تقسیم شدند. اطلاعات در این پژوهش به‌صورت نمایش نقاط نورانی ارائه شدند. یک گروه اطلاعات همۀ اندام‌های بدن را مشاهده می‌کرد (گروه اطلاعات نسبی) و گروه دیگر فقط اطلاعات مچ دست پرتاب را مشاهده می-کرد (گروه اطلاعات مطلق). افراد در اکتساب، 20 کوشش را اجرا نمودند و 24 ساعت بعد 5 کوشش را به‌عنوان آزمون یادداری انجام دادند و بعد از آزمون یادداری همۀ گروه‌ها فیلم اطلاعات همۀ اندام‌های بدن (اطلاعات نسبی) را مشاهده کردند. این مرحله به‌عنوان بازاکتساب نام‌گذاری شد. نتایج نشان داد که گروه اطلاعات مطلق در هماهنگی درون اندام‌ها نسبت به گروه اطلاعات نسبی بیشتر شبیه به الگو عمل کرده است. این اثر در تمام مراحل پژوهش مشاهده شد. در متغیرهای کنترل‌کنندۀ حرکت، تفاوتی بین دو گروه وجود نداشت (05/p>0). همچنین، دیدن اطلاعات نسبی در مرحلۀ بازاکتساب تأثیری بر هماهنگی اندام‌ها و دقت حرکت نداشت؛ اما بر متغیر کنترل حرکت تأثیر معناداری داشت و آن را بهبود بخشید. در‌کل، نتایج نشان‌دهندۀ این امر است که اطلاعات نسبی همیشه برای کسب الگوی هماهنگی مهم‌ترین اطلاعات نیستند. در بعضی موارد مانند آنچه که در این پژوهش مشاهده شد، اطلاعات نقطۀ انتهایی حرکت نقش مهم‌تری را بازی می‌کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of observing relative and absolute information on learning a novel skill

نویسنده [English]

  • Davoud Fazeli 1

چکیده [English]

The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of observing relative and absolute information on learning a novel skill. The population for this research was male students of Shahid Beheshti University. 14 participants were selected by available sampling; they were right handed and did not have any physical problem. In this study information were provided in Point Light Displays. The first group observed the information of all body parts (RELATIVE group) and the other one just observed the information of throwing wrist (ABSOLUTE group).In acquisition they performed 20 trials and 24 hours later they performed 5 trials as retention test. After retention, all groups observed the full body film (relative information), this period was called as re-acquisition. The results showed that ABSOLUTE group performed more like the model in relation to RELATIVE group. This effect was observed in all periods. There was no difference between two groups in control related parameters (all p>.05). Also observing the relative information in re-acquisition had no effect on intra limb coordination and accuracy, but it had a meaningful effect on control related parameter made it more like the model. Relative motion information were not always the most important information for acquisition of coordination, in some cases like this the end point information play a more important role.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Relative Information
  • Absolute information
  • Point Light Display
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