نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترا دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 آموزش و پرورش استثنایی خراسان رضوی

چکیده

ایجاد شرایط مناسب و برنامه های خاص برای توسعه و بهبود مهارت‌های حرکتی در افراد دارای ناتوانی‌های حرکتی و شناختی از جمله اهداف تحقیقات علمی در حوزه رفتار حرکتی است. بنابراین، هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر دو برنامه تمرینی کم خطا و پر خطا بر مهارت پرتاب دارت در نوجوانان دختر دارای ناتوانی های ذهنی بوده است. 24 آزمودنی به صورت نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب و بر اساس نمرات پیش آزمون به دو گروه تقسیم شدند. میانگین ده اجرا به عنوان پیش آزمون یک هفته قبل از مرحله اکتساب از تمام آزمودنی‌ها در فاصله 5/3 متر گرفته شد. گروه کم‌خطا، مرحله اکتساب را در چهار فاصله مختلف، از کمترین به سمت بیشترین فاصله و گروه پرخطا بصورت معکوس تمرین کردند. آزمون یادداری و انتقال دوگانه 48 ساعت بعد از مرحله اکتساب انجام شد. نتایج مربوط به خطای متغیر و مطلق با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری تکراری و آزمون تی مستقل محاسبه شد. یافته‌ها‌ نشان داد که در خطای متغیر بین دو گروه در مرحله اکتساب (P=0.001) و یادداری (P=0.002) تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. در آزمون انتقال دو گانه، هم خطای مطلق (P=0.025) و هم خطای متغیر (P=0.001) در گروه کم خطا بطور معنی‌داری کمتر از گروه پر خطا بود. بطور کلی براساس نتایج تحقیق، بویژه آزمون انتقال دوگانه به عنوان یک معیار معتبرتر، برنامه‌های تمرینی که خطاها را محدود می‌کند، سودمند بوده و پیشنهاد می شود از این رویکرد جهت بهبود دقت، ثبات و همسانی اجرا در افراد دارای اختلال ذهنی استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of errorless and errorfull practice on learning and transfer of dart throwing skill in adolescents with intellectual disabilities

نویسندگان [English]

  • amin ghamari 1
  • jafar mohamadi 1
  • marzieh mohamadi 2

1 ferdowsi university of mashhad

چکیده [English]

To create appropriate conditions and specific programs to develop and improve motor skills in people with disabilities of motor and cognitive is among the purposes of scientific research in the field of motor behavior. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of errorless and errorfull practice programs on dart throwing skill in girl adolescents with intellectual disabilities. 24 subjects with a convenience sampling selected and randomly divided into two groups based on the pre-test. One week prior to the acquisition phase of the experiment, average of ten pretest trials at a distance of 3.5 m was taken. Four different intervals during the acquisition phase was practiced that errorless group performed from the least to the greatest distance and errorfull group in reverse order. The retention and Dual transfer tests were completed 48 h after the acquisition. Performance was scored by absolute error and variable error. Data was analyzed with ANOVA with repeated measures and independent t-test. According to the error variable, significant differences were found between the two groups in the acquisition (P=0.001) and retention stage (P=0.002). In dual transfer test, both the absolute error (P=0.025) and the variable error (P=0.001) in errorless group were lower than errorfull group significantly. Overall, based on the results, especially the dual transfer test as a measure of more valid, practice programs in which errors are restricted are useful and this approach to improve the accuracy, stability and consistency of performance in individuals with intellectual disabilities is suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • intellectual disabilities
  • Errorless
  • errorfull
  • dual transfer
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