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مقایسۀ اثر تمرینات ایروبیک و پیلاتس بر عملکرد شناختی زنان سالمند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشگاه اصفهان

2 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی دانشگاه خوارزمی

3 کارشناس ارشد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه خوارزمی

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، مقایسۀ اثر دو نوع تمرین ایروبیک و پیلاتس بر عملکرد شناختی زنان سالمند می‌باشد. بدین‌منظور، 54 سالمند به‌صورت دردسترس انتخاب گردیدند و به‌‌شکل تصادفی به سه گروه تمرین ایروبیک (با میانگین سنی‌‌‌85/4±‌78/67 سال)، تمرین پیلاتس (با میانگین سنی ‌49/5±50/66 سال) و بدون تمرین (کنترل) (با میانگین سنی 27/6±58/68 سال) تقسیم شدند. گروه‌های تجربی به‌مدت 12 هفته، سه جلسه در هفته و 60 دقیقه در هر جلسه در تمرینات مربوطه شرکت کردند و شرکت‌کنندگان گروه کنترل نیز ملزم شدند که در هیچ‌گونه تمرینات سازمان‌یافته‌ای شرکت نکنند و تنها به فعالیت‌های روزانۀ خود مشغول باشند. شایان‌ذکر است که عملکرد شناختی، قبل و بعد از دورۀ مداخله اندازه‌گیری شد. همچنین، به‌منظور سنجش عملکرد شناختی از آزمون دسته‌بندی کارت ویسکانسین استفاده شد و جهت تحلیل داده‌ها، تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه با کمک نرم‌افزار اس. پی. اس. اس (نسخۀ 16) به‌کار رفت. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که هم تمرینات ایروبیک و هم تمرینات پیلاتس باعث بهبود‌‌ عملکرد شناختی در مؤلفۀ خطای درجاماندگی (شکل‌گیری مفاهیم، سودبردن از تصحیح و انعطاف‌پذیری شناختی) می‌شود‌ (P<0.001). همچنین، برمبنای یافته‌ها، اختلاف معناداری به‌لحاظ آماری بین گروه‌های تحت‌مطالعه از منظر مؤلفۀ تعداد طبقات تکمیل‌شده (نگهداری مفاهیم) مشاهده نمی‌شود ‌(P=0.052). علاوه‌براین، نتایج بیانگر این است که تمرینات پیلاتس نسبت به تمرینات ایروبیک، به‌لحاظ اثر‌گذاری بر عملکرد شناختی در مؤلفۀ خطای درجاماندگی مفیدتر می‌باشد (P<0.05). به‌طورکلی، می‌توان گفت که استفاده از تمرکزهای ذهنی مکرر که ماهیت ورزش پیلاتس می‌باشد ممکن است عامل برتری این ورزش نسبت به ایروبیک در بهبود بیشتر عملکرد شناختی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Aaerobic Versus Pilates Training on Cognitive Function of Elderly Females

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmadreza Movahedi 1
  • Hamid Rajabi 2
  • Elham Rezvani Brojeni 3

1 University of Isfahan

چکیده [English]

The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of aerobic versus Pilates training on cognitive function of elderly females. A total of 54 elderly females were randomly divided into aerobic (mean age=67.78 ± 4.85 years), Pilates (mean age=66.50 ± 5.49 years) and control (mean age=68.58 ± 6.27 years) groups. The experimental groups exercised for 12 weeks, three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session. The participants of the control group were required not to participate in any organized physical activity and just were asked to do their normal and regular daily activities. To assess cognitive function, we used Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). We performed one-way ANOVA for data analysis using SPSS software version 16. Results showed that both Pilates and aerobic training resulted in improved preservative errors (a cognitive item which forms concepts and helps to create cognitive flexibility) of elderly females (P<0.001), but it was found that the Pilates training was more helpful for improving preservative errors of elderly females than aerobic training (P<0.05). No significant difference was found among groups in the cognitive item categories achievement (P=0.052). It seems that the repetitive mental concentration, as it is the nature of Pilates, could account for the superiority of the Pilates over aerobics in improving cognitive function.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Elderly
  • Pilates
  • Aerobics
  • Cognitive Function
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رفتار حرکتی
دوره 8، شماره 25
پاییز 1395
آبان 1395
صفحه 29-46
فایل ها
سابقه مقاله
  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 25 دی 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 27 دی 1394
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