تأثیر یک دوره برنامۀ تمرینی بسکتبال بر توجه پایدار کودکان مبتلا به کمبود توجه/ بیش‌فعالی

اسکندرنژاد, مهتا; رضائی, فهیمه; مبین, فرزین

doi:10.22089/mbj.2016.840

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار/دانشگاه تبریز

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه تبریز

³ کارشناس ارشد دانشگاه تبریز

https://doi.org/10.22089/mbj.2016.840

چکیده

هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی یک دوره برنامۀ تمرینی بسکتبال بر توجه پایدار کودکان مبتلا به کمبود توجه/ بیش‌فعالی می‌باشد. بدین‌منظور، 19 کودک پسر 9 تا 12 سالۀ مبتلا به اختلال کاستی توجه و بیش‌فعالی، به‌صورت نمونه‌گیری دردسترس از بین مراجعه‌کنندگان به یکی از کلینیک‌های واقع در شهر تبریز انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه(گروه تجربی 10 نفر و گروه کنترل نه نفر) جای گرفتند. گروه تجربی به‌مدت 12 جلسه تحت یک دوره برنامۀ تمرینی بسکتبال قرار گرفت، اما گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‌ای را دریافت نکرد. شایان‌ذکر است که آزمودنی‌ها قبل و بعد از مداخله به‌وسیلۀ آزمون رایانه‌ای عملکرد پیوستۀ کانرز ارزیابی شدند. جهت تجزیه‌و‌تحلیل آماری نیز از آزمون تحلیل کواریانس استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مداخلۀ صورت‌گرفته به‌شکل معناداری باعث کاهش خطای ارتکاب و افزایش پاسخ صحیح بر محرک‌های غیرهدف شده است، اما در خطای حذف، در پاسخ صحیح بر محرک‌های هدف و زمان واکنش، تفاوت معناداری در گروه تجربی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل یافت نشد. در‌نهایت، با توجه به نتایج می‌توان اظهار کرد که تمرینات بسکتبال می‌تواند شرایط بهبود برخی اختلالات شناختی در کودکان مبتلا به کمبود توجه/ بیش‌فعالی را در درازمدت فراهم سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

کنترل حرکتی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of a Course of Basketball Training Program on ADHD Children’s Sustained Attention

نویسندگان [English]

Mahta Eskandarnejad ¹
Fahimeh Rezaei ²
Farzin Mobayen ³

¹ Associate Professor/ university of tabriz

² MA student/university of tabriz

³ MA /university of tabriz

چکیده [English]

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of a course of basketball training program on ADHD children's sustained attention. Nineteen ADHD children, aged 9–12 years, were selected from a clinical center in Tabriz by available sampling and were randomly divided to two groups (10 individuals for experimental group and 9 individuals for control group). Experimental group was under basketball training for 12 sessions, but the control group didn’t receive any intervention. Participants were assessment by Conners’ continuous performance test before and after of intervention. Covariate Analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that basketball training can decrease commission error and increase correct response on non-goal stimuli; but in omission error, correct response on goal stimuli, and reaction time there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group. Results suggest that basketball training may improve some of ADHD children’s cognitive disorders in long time.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder
Basketball Training Program
Sustained attention

مراجع

1. Beik M, Nezakat Alhosseini M, Badami R, Abedi A. The effect of yoga training on executive functions in children with ADHD. J Exceptional Children. 2014; 14(2): 17-32. (In Persian).

2. Sternberg R. Cognitive psychology. In. S. K. Kharrazi & E. Hejazi (Eds.), 4^th ed. Tehran: Samt Publications; 2014. Pp. 154. (In Persian).

3. Ziereis S, Jansen P. Effects of physical activity on executive function and motor performan ce in children with ADHD. Res Dev Disabil. 2015; 38(1): 181-91.

4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4^th ed. Washington: DC: Author; 2000. Pp. 221.

5. Halperin J M, Healey D M. The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011; 35(3): 621-34.

6. Snell R S. Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students. 4^th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Raven Publishers; 1997. Pp. 11.

7. Sergeant J A, Geurts H, Huijbregts S, Scheres A, Oosterlaan J. The top and the bottom of ADHD: A neuropsychological perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2003; 27(7): 583-92.

8. Sadock B J, Sadock V A. Synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/ clinical. 10^th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Wilkiams & Wilkins; 2007. 10th edition. Pp. 23-7.

9. Clark L, Blackwell A D, Aron A R, Danielle C T, Dowson J, Robbins T W, et al. Association between response inhibition and working memory in adult ADHD: A link to right frontal cortex pathology? Biol Psychiatry. 2007; 61(12): 1395-401.

10. Davis A S. The handbook of pediatric neuropsychology. 1^st ed. New York: Springer; 2010. Pp. 441-57.

11. Barkley R A, Lombroso P J. Genetics of childhood disorders: XVII. ADHD, Part 1: The executive functions and ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2000; 39(8): 1064-68.

12. Mirdogy F, Ganbari Hashem Abadi B A, Mashhadi A. Deficit executive functions in patients with combat related PTSD. Iranian J of War and Public Health. 2012; 5(17): 27-35. (In Persian).

13. Weaver B, Bedard M, McAuliffe J, Parkkaria M. Using the Attention Network Test to predict driving test scores. Accid Anal Prev. 2009; 41(1): 76- 83.

14. Eskandarnejad M, Shayan Nasab R, Soltani R. Comparison of continuous attention in active and inactive elderly. Research in Motor Behavior. 2013; 1(1): 81-93. (In Persian).

15. Holmes J, Gathercole S, Place M, Dunning D, Hilton K, Elliott J. Working memory can be overcome: Impacts of training and medication on working memory in children with ADHD. Appl Cognit Psychol. 2010; 24(6): 827-36.

16. Beck S J, Hanson C A, Puffenberger S S. A controlled trial of working memory training for children and adolescents with ADHD. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2010; 39(6): 825-36.

17. Pontifex M B, Saliba B J, Raine L B, Picchietti D L, Hillman CH. Exercise improves behavioral, neurocognitive, and scholastic performance in children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr. 2013; 162(3): 543-51.

18. Piepmeier A T, Shih CH, Whedon M, Williams L M, Davis M E, Henning D A, et al. The effect of acute exercise on cognitive performance in children with and without ADHD. J Sport Health Science. 2015; 4(1): 97-104.

19. Verret C, Guay M C, Berthiaume C, Gardiner P, Beliveau L. A physical activity program improves behavior and cognitive functions in children with ADHD: An exploratory study. J Atten Disord. 2012; 16(1): 71-80.

20. Medina J A, Netto T L B, Muszkat M, Medina A C, Botter D, Orbetelli R, et al. Exercise impact on sustained attention of ADHD children, methylphenidate effects. Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2010; 2(1): 49-58.

21. Janatian S, Nouri A, Shafti A, Molavi H, Samavatyan H. Effectiveness of play therapy on the bases of cognitive behavior approach on severity of symptoms of Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among primary school male students aged 9-11. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences. 2008; 6(2): 109-18. (In Persian).

22. Nazer M, Mirzaei Rad R, Mokhtaree M R. Effect of exercise therapy on symptoms of attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in students of primary schools in Rafsanjan. Community Health Journal. 2013; 7(1): 50-7. (In Persian).

23. Bahram M E, Assarian F, Atoof F, Taghadosi M, Akkasheh N, Akkasheh G. Effect of a 12-week interval running program on female primary school
students with ADHD. Feyz. 2014; 18(2): 151-8. (In Persian).

24. Mahon A D, Dean R S, McIntosh D E, Marjerrison A D, Cole A S, Woodruff M E, et al. Acute exercise effects on measures of attention and Impulsivity in children with attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity disorder. J Educ Develop Psychol. 2013; 3(2): 65-73.

25. Hickey G, Fricker P. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, CNS stimulants and sport. Sports Med. 1999; 27(1): 11-21.

26. Bayazit B. The effects of basketball basic skills training on gross motor skills development of female children. Educational Research and Reviews. 2015; 10(5): 648-53.

27. Baker L B, Rollo I, Stein K W, Jeukendrup A E. Acute effects of carbohydrate supplementation on intermittent sports performance. Nutrients. 2015; 7(7): 5733-63.

28. Mobayen F. The effect of basketball training on working memory, depth perception and learning skills in ADHD children. Master Disseration. Tabriz: Tabriz University; 2015. (In Persian).

29. Payne V G, Isaacs L D. Human motor development: A lifespan approach. 8^th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012. Pp. 87.

30. Strauss E, Sherman E M S, Spreen O. A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. 3^rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006. Pp. 165.

31. Chang Y K, Hung C L, Huang C J, Hatfield B D, Hung T M. Effects of an aquatic exercise program on inhibitory control in children with ADHD: A preliminary study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2014; 29(3): 217-23.

32. Padilla C, Perez L, Andre P. Chronic exercise keeps working memory and inhibitory capacities fit. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014; 8(49): 1-10.

33. Gapin J I, Labban J D, Bohall S C, Wooten J S, Chang Y K. Acute exercise is associated with specific executive functions in college students with ADHD: A preliminary study. J sport Health Science. 2015; 4(1): 89-96.

34. Nejati V. Studying inhibitory performance difference of forehead part in elderly with different physical activities. J Motor Behavior. 2013; 4(11): 35-44. (In Persian).

35. Barkley R A. Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Construction a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychol Bull. 1997; 121(1): 65-94.

36. Pennington B F, Ozonoff S. Executive functions and developmental psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1996; 37(1): 51-87.

37. Soluki S. Motor performance in relation with sustained attention in children with attention deficit Hyperactivity disorder. Master Disseration. Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences; 2011. (In Persian).

38. Panksepp J, Burgdorf J, Cortney T, Gordon V. Modeling ADHD- type arousal with unilateral frontal cortex damage in rats and beneficial effects of play therapy. J Brain Cogn. 2003; 52(1): 97-105.

39. Alizadeh H. Theoretical explanation attention deficit/ hyperactivity: The pattern of behavioral inhibition and self-control nature.J Exceptional Children. 2005; 5(3): 323-48. (In Persian).

40. Dishman R K, Berthound H R, Booth F W, Cotman C W, Edgerton V R, Fleshner M R, et al. Neurobiology of exercise. Obesity. 2006; 14(3): 345-55.

تأثیر یک دوره برنامۀ تمرینی بسکتبال بر توجه پایدار کودکان مبتلا به کمبود توجه/ بیش‌فعالی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 8، شماره 25پاییز 1395آبان 1395صفحه 139-152

دوره 8، شماره 25
پاییز 1395
آبان 1395
صفحه 139-152