نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه شهید‌بهشتی
2 استادیار رفتار حرکتی دانشگاه شهید‌بهشتی
3 استاد روان‌شناسی ورزشی- فیزیولوژی روانی دانشگاه جامع امام‌حسین (ع)
چکیده
هدف از پژوهش حاضر، تعیین تأثیر تمرینات عملکردی بر تعداد واحدهای حرکتی مرحلۀ افزایش و کاهش شتاب دسترسی به اشیا (با اشکال استوانه، مکعب و منشور) و اندازه‌های متفاوت (کوچک، متوسط و بزرگ) در کودک مبتلا به سندرم داون شش ساله بود. این پژوهش، آزمایشی با طرح تک‌آزمودنی است و جهت انجام آن، یک شرکت‌کنندۀ مبتلا به سندرم داون که اختلال جسمانی و حرکتی شدیدی نداشت از کانون سندرم داون معرفی گردید (مؤنث و شش ساله). جهت انجام پژوهش، پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون دسترسی به اشیا با اشکال و انداز‌های متفاوت با استفاده از دستگاه تحلیل حرکتی انجام گرفت و آزمودنی به‌مدت 24 جلسۀ 60 دقیقه‌ای (پنج جلسه در هفته)، تحت تمرینات عملکردی قرار گرفت. هر جلسه تمرین شامل سه بخش 15 دقیقه‌ای بود که بین آن‌‌ها پنج دقیقه استراحت در نظر گرفته شده بود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که میانگین تعداد واحدهای حرکتی مرحلۀ افزایش شتاب دسترسی به شی استوانه با اندازۀ متوسط، کمتر از اشکال دیگر (N=7.50) و اندازۀ اثر، بیشتر از اشکال با اندازه‌های دیگر بود (E=0.91). میانگین تعداد واحدهای حرکتی مرحلۀ کاهش شتاب دسترسی به شی استوانه با اندازۀ متوسط نیز کمتر از اشکال دیگر (N=5.83) و اندازۀ اثر، بیشتر از اشکال با اندازه‌های دیگر بود (E=0.93). میانگین تعداد واحدهای حرکتی در پس‌آزمون نشان می‌دهد که آزمودنی اجرای بهتری نسبت به پیش‌آزمون داشته است. همچنین، یافته‌ها بیانگر آن است که 24 جلسه تمرینات عملکردی باعث کاهش تعداد واحدهای حرکتی مرحلۀ افزایش و کاهش شتاب در الگوی دسترسی می‌شود. بدین‌ترتیب، پژوهش حاضر از یافته‌های گذشته که مبتنی بر تمرینات تکلیف‌‌محور با رعایت اصل اختصاصی‌بودن تمرین بوده‌اند، حمایت می‌کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Functional Training on the Number of Movement Units of Reaching to Objects with Different Shapes and Sizes in a 6-year-old Girl with Down Syndrome
نویسندگان [English]
- Maryam Khalaji 1
- Mahin Aghdai 2
- Seyed Mohammad Kazem Vaez Moosavi 3
1 M. Sc of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
2 Professor of Motor Behavior, Shahid Beheshti University
3 Professor of Physical Education, University of Imam Hussein (AS)
چکیده [English]
The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of functional training on the number of movement units of acceleration and deceleration phase of reaching to objects with different shapes (cylinder, cube, pyramid) and sizes (small, medium, large) in a 6-year-old girl with Down Syndrome.The present study is an experimental study following a single participant design.One subject with Down syndrome, who was not suffering from any severe physical or motor disorder, was introduced by the Down Syndrome Association (Gender: female; Age: 6 years old) to participate in the study.The pretest and posttest results of reaching to objects with different shapes and sizes were recorded using motion analysis device. The subject participated in 24 sessions of functional training program, each lasting about 60 minutes (5 days a week). Each session of training consisted of three intervals of 15 minutes interspersed with 5-minute breaks. The mean number of movement units of acceleration phase to reaching the medium cylinder was lower than the others (N = 7.50) and the effect size was higher than the others (E = 0.91). The mean number of movement units of deceleration phase to reaching the medium cylinder was lower than the others (N = 5.83) and the effect size was higher than the others (E = 0.93). The mean number of movement units in posttest showed that the subject had better performance than pretest. The results revealed that the functional training had decreased the number of movement units of acceleration and deceleration phases. These findings support previous findings that task-oriented training with respect to the principle of specificity of training promotes movement patterns in individuals with Down Syndrome.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Movement Unit
- Acceleration and Deceleration Phase
- Functional Training
- Single Subject Design
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