نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه کردستان
2 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه کردستان
چکیده
پروتکل‌های سنجش شفاهی و غیرشفاهی دانش و رفتار تاکتیکی بازیکنان مدارس فوتبال و کارآمدی آن‌ها یکی از چالش‌هایی است که پژوهشگران به‌تازگی به آن توجه کرده‌اند. به‌منظور بررسی این چالش مطالعة حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطة دانش تاکتیکی شفاهی با رفتار تاکتیکی و مهارت‌های تکنیکی بازیکنان مدارس فوتبال انجام شد. سی‌وشش بازیکن فوتبال (18 بازیکن باتجربة 48/0±3/15 ساله و 18 بازیکن کم‌تجربة 51/0±5/15 ساله) آزمون مهارت‌های فوتبال را اجرا کردند. دانش تاکتیکی شفاهی آن‌ها با پرسشنامة مهارت‌های تاکتیکی برای ورزش‌ها (الفرینک-گمسر و همکاران، 2004) ارزیابی شد. رفتار تاکتیکی آن‌ها نیز طی فیلم‌برداری از مسابقة 3 × 3 با یک دروازه‌بان در زمینی به ابعاد 30 × 40 متر ثبت شد و تحلیل توسط ابزار ارزیابی عملکرد بازی انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بین دو گروه باتجربه و کم‌تجربه در مهارت‌های حرکتی پاس و دریبل، در شاخص‌های رفتار تاکتیکی اجرای مهارت، حمایت و عملکرد بازی تفاوت معنادار مشاهده شد (0.000 =P )، اما تفاوت معناداری در دانش‌های تاکتیکی حمله‌ای و دفاعی آن‌ها به‌دست نیامد (به‌ترتیب 0.23 =P و 0.56 = P). در بررسی همة بازیکنان با هم، بین دانش تاکتیکی حمله‌ای و دفاعی با رفتار تاکتیکی و مهارت‌های تکنیکی همبستگی معناداری مشاهده نشد (0.05>P)، اما هنگام بررسی جداگانة گروه‌ها، در بازیکنان باتجربه رابطة دانش تاکتیکی حمله‌ای با رفتار تاکتیکی حمایت از هم‌تیمی معنادار بود (0.01 =P). این نتایج ناکارآمدی ابزارهای گزارش شفاهی را در ارزیابی دانش تاکتیکی بازیکنان مدارس فوتبال تأیید می‌کند و سطح تجربه را به‌عنوان یکی از عوامل مرتبط کنندة دانش و رفتار تاکتیکی نشان می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Does Experience Can Mediate the Relationship between Verbal Tactical Knowledge and Tactical Behavior in Soccer School Players?
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Maleki 1
- Arash Zarei 2
1 Assistant Professor in Motor Behavior, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Master in Sport Management, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj. Iran
چکیده [English]
Recently, considerable attention has been paid to evaluate the tactical knowledge and behavior in soccer schools. But, efficiency or inefficiency of the verbal/nonverbal protocols remain to be addressed. To address this question, current study aimed to evaluate the relationship of verbal tactical knowledge with tactical behavior and technical skills with taking level of experience into account. 36 soccer players (18 experienced with Mage=15.33±0.48; 18 unexperienced with Mage=15.5±0.51) performed the battery of soccer skills. First, they completed tactical skills inventory for sport, then tactical behaviors during 3×3 with a goalkeeper small sided games in a 30×40 meters’ pitch were videotaped, and finally, evaluated through game performance assessment by two expert raters. Results showed significant differences in pass, dribble as well as decision making, skill execution and support indices of tactical behavior (p=0.00), but, no significant difference were observed in offensive and defensive tactical knowledge (p=0.23,0.56, respectively) between two groups. For all players, tactical knowledge with tactical behavior and technical skills had no significant relationship (p>0.05), but, for the experienced players attacking tactical knowledge and support index significantly were related (p=0.01). These findings confirm inefficiency of verbal methods to evaluate the tactical knowledge in soccer schools and introduce the level of experience as an important factor to make relationship between tactical knowledge and behavior.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Tactical Knowledge
- Tactical Behavior
- Experience
- Soccer Schools
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