نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
2 گروه مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران
3 گروه معماری منظر، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
امروزه یکی از عواملی که کیفیت زندگی کودکان امروز را تهدید می‌نماید، کم‌تحرکی است و مدارس یکی از مهم‌ترین فضاها برای ارتقای رفتار حرکتی هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تبیین عوامل و مؤلفه‌های ترغیب‌کنندۀ رفتار حرکتی دانش‌آموزان در فضاهای باز مدارس، از سامانه کیفی، روش تحلیل محتوا و تکنیک دلفی بهرهگیری نمود. در ابتدا با بررسی پیشینه پژوهش، عوامل و متغیرهای مؤثر در افزایش فعالیت بدنی شناسایی شدند. جهت تأیید متغیرها، پرسش‌نامه نیمه‌ساختاریافته‌ای به 15 متخصص حوزۀ معماری فضاهای آموزشی در دانشگاه‌های مختلف ارسال شد و پس از دریافت پاسخ‌ها ، 26 متغیر تأثیرگذار به‌دست آمدند. جهت یافتن ارتباط میان عوامل مؤثر با متغیرهای استخراجشده، 130 معمار و کارمند مدارس به شیوه نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی انتخاب شد و پرسش‌نامه‌ای بسته با 26 سؤال مورداستفاده قرار گرفت. داده‌های به‌دست‌آمده، توسط آزمون توصیفی و تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در نرم‌افزار «اس.پی.اس.اس» تحلیل شدند. سپس به شیوه استدلال منطقی تلاش شد تا میان نه و هشت گروه عوامل تأثیرگذار تطبیق و یا عدم‌تطبیق حاصل آید. یافته‌های این تحقیق منجر به اکتشاف مؤلفه‌های اجتماعی/تعاملی به همراه متغیرهای زیرمجموعه آن شامل (مشارکت، آموزشپذیری، طبیعتگرایی، تعاملات گروهی، اکتشافپذیری و چرخش حیاط)، عوامل محیطی (تابش آفتاب، مصالح، ایمن‌سازی، چیدمان، شخصی‌سازی، دما و تغییرات فصلی)، عوامل کالبدی (فرم، تناسبات، شکل و ابعاد)، مؤلفه شناختی (نشانه گذاری و رنگ)، عامل مدیریتی (تنوع حیاط، نظارتپذیری، تراکم و قابلیت دسترسی) و مؤلفه رفتاری (آشناپذیری، انعطافپذیری و مقیاس‌پذیری) گردید. لحاظ نمودن عوامل و متغیرهای دخیل در تحرک بدنی دانش‌آموزان در حیاط مدارس، موجبات محیطی که مشوق رفتار حرکتی کودکان است را فراهم خواهند کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Exploring the Effective Components in Enhancing the Physical Activity of Pupils in the Open Spaces of Primary Schools from the Perspective of Architects, Principals and their Deputies
نویسندگان [English]
- Fatemeh Ebrahimzadeh 1
- Fatemeh Mehdizadeh saradj 2
- Saeid Norouzian-Maleki 3
1 Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
2 Department of Restoration, Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science & Technology, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Physical inactivity is one of the factors that seriously threatens the quality of life of today’s children and adults of tomorrow. Schools are one of the most important spaces for promoting motor behavior. In the current research, a qualitative system, content analysis method, and the Delphi technique were used to explore the factors and components of motivating the movement of students in the open space of schools. At first, by examining the background of the research, factors, and variables effective in increasing physical activity were identified. To collect the data, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 15 experts in the field of architecture of educational space from different universities in Tehran. After receiving the questionnaires and analysis of the feedback surveys, 26 influential variables were obtained. To find the relationship between the effective factors and the extracted components, a total of 130 architects and school staff were selected through non-random sampling and used a closed questionnaire with a Likert rating scale. The results have led to the exploration of social/interactive components along with their sub-variables including (participation, educability, naturalism, group interactions, explorability, and yard rotation), environmental factors (sunlight, materials, safety, arrange, personalization, temperature, and seasonal changes), physical factors (form, proportions, shape, and dimensions), cognitive component (marking and color), managerial factor (yard diversity, supervision, density, and accessibility) and behavioral components (familiarity, flexibility, and ergonomic). Taking into account the factors and variables involved in the physical activity of students in the schoolyard will provide an environment that encourages children’s motor behavior.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Schoolyard
- Elementary school
- Motor behavior
- Physical activity
- Children
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